DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT OPTIONS IN AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DIDORDERS – AN OVERVIEW

Sheffali GULATI
Biswaroop CHAKRABARTY
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India

Recived: 29.08.2013
Accepted: 25.11.2013
Review article

Citation: Gulati S, Chakrabarty B. Diagnostic and Treatment Options in Autistic Spectrum Didorders – an Overview. J Spec Educ Rehab 2014; 15(1-2):43-58. doi: 10.2478/JSER-2014-0003

Abstract
Goal: To highlight the recent recommendations and future trends in diagnosing and managing autistic spectrum disorder.
Methodology: Comprehensive search was done in the electronic database, journals, reference lists and dissertation related to the field.
Results and conclusion: Autistic spectrum disorder is characterized by onset before the age of 3 years, qualitative impairment in social and communication skills along with repetitive behavioural pattern and restricted interests. Multiple pathways involving genetic, structural and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on caregiver interview and observing the patient. However, certain biochemical, radiological and electrophysiological investigations are indicated in relevant scenarios. The mainstay of therapy is behavioural intervention with pharmacotherapy indicated for certain behavioural issues. Complementary and alternate treatment, dietary and stem cell therapies are still investigational with some benefits.Various newer therapeutic options are currently being investigated, exploring the molecular and genetic basis of causation.

Keywords: Autistic spectrum disorder, DSM-V, Psychosocial interventions, Pharmacotherapy, Complementary and alternate treatment, mTOR inhibitors

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